diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 7f4c9da..74144a1 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,6 +2,22 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ab_glyph"
+version = "0.2.32"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "01c0457472c38ea5bd1c3b5ada5e368271cb550be7a4ca4a0b4634e9913f6cc2"
+dependencies = [
+ "ab_glyph_rasterizer",
+ "owned_ttf_parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ab_glyph_rasterizer"
+version = "0.1.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "366ffbaa4442f4684d91e2cd7c5ea7c4ed8add41959a31447066e279e432b618"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
 version = "0.8.12"
@@ -24,6 +40,96 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "allocator-api2"
+version = "0.2.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android-activity"
+version = "0.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0f2a1bb052857d5dd49572219344a7332b31b76405648eabac5bc68978251bcd"
+dependencies = [
+ "android-properties",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "cc",
+ "jni",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "ndk",
+ "ndk-context",
+ "ndk-sys",
+ "num_enum",
+ "thiserror 2.0.18",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android-properties"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc7eb209b1518d6bb87b283c20095f5228ecda460da70b44f0802523dea6da04"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "android_system_properties"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "819e7219dbd41043ac279b19830f2efc897156490d7fd6ea916720117ee66311"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstream"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "824a212faf96e9acacdbd09febd34438f8f711fb84e09a8916013cd7815ca28d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "anstyle-parse",
+ "anstyle-query",
+ "anstyle-wincon",
+ "colorchoice",
+ "is_terminal_polyfill",
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle"
+version = "1.0.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "940b3a0ca603d1eade50a4846a2afffd5ef57a9feac2c0e2ec2e14f9ead76000"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-parse"
+version = "1.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "52ce7f38b242319f7cabaa6813055467063ecdc9d355bbb4ce0c68908cd8130e"
+dependencies = [
+ "utf8parse",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-query"
+version = "1.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "40c48f72fd53cd289104fc64099abca73db4166ad86ea0b4341abe65af83dadc"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anstyle-wincon"
+version = "3.0.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "291e6a250ff86cd4a820112fb8898808a366d8f9f58ce16d1f538353ad55747d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstyle",
+ "once_cell_polyfill",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
 version = "1.0.102"
@@ -45,6 +151,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "derive_arbitrary",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "arrayref"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "76a2e8124351fda1ef8aaaa3bbd7ebbcb486bbcd4225aca0aa0d84bb2db8fecb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "arrayvec"
 version = "0.7.6"
@@ -57,6 +169,21 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2ccd462b64c3c72f1be8305905a85d85403d768e8690c9b8bd3b9009a5761679"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "as-raw-xcb-connection"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "175571dd1d178ced59193a6fc02dde1b972eb0bc56c892cde9beeceac5bf0f6b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ash"
+version = "0.38.0+1.3.281"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0bb44936d800fea8f016d7f2311c6a4f97aebd5dc86f09906139ec848cf3a46f"
+dependencies = [
+ "libloading",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "atomic-polyfill"
 version = "1.0.3"
@@ -66,6 +193,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "critical-section",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "atomic-waker"
+version = "1.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -78,7 +211,16 @@ version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "08807e080ed7f9d5433fa9b275196cfc35414f66a0c79d864dc51a0d825231a3"
 dependencies = [
- "bit-vec",
+ "bit-vec 0.8.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-set"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34ddef2995421ab6a5c779542c81ee77c115206f4ad9d5a8e05f4ff49716a3dd"
+dependencies = [
+ "bit-vec 0.9.1",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -87,6 +229,12 @@ version = "0.8.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5e764a1d40d510daf35e07be9eb06e75770908c27d411ee6c92109c9840eaaf7"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bit-vec"
+version = "0.9.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b71798fca2c1fe1086445a7258a4bc81e6e49dcd24c8d0dd9a1e57395b603f51"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
 version = "1.3.2"
@@ -117,6 +265,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "generic-array",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "block2"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2c132eebf10f5cad5289222520a4a058514204aed6d791f1cf4fe8088b82d15f"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2 0.5.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "block2"
+version = "0.6.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cdeb9d870516001442e364c5220d3574d2da8dc765554b4a617230d33fa58ef5"
+dependencies = [
+ "objc2 0.6.4",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "bstr"
 version = "1.12.1"
@@ -133,6 +299,26 @@ version = "3.20.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5d20789868f4b01b2f2caec9f5c4e0213b41e3e5702a50157d699ae31ced2fcb"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck"
+version = "1.25.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c8efb64bd706a16a1bdde310ae86b351e4d21550d98d056f22f8a7f7a2183fec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck_derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck_derive"
+version = "1.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f9abbd1bc6865053c427f7198e6af43bfdedc55ab791faed4fbd361d789575ff"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "byteorder"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -145,6 +331,32 @@ version = "1.11.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1e748733b7cbc798e1434b6ac524f0c1ff2ab456fe201501e6497c8417a4fc33"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop"
+version = "0.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b99da2f8558ca23c71f4fd15dc57c906239752dd27ff3c00a1d56b685b7cbfec"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "log",
+ "polling",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "slab",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "calloop-wayland-source"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "95a66a987056935f7efce4ab5668920b5d0dac4a7c99991a67395f13702ddd20"
+dependencies = [
+ "calloop",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
 version = "1.2.61"
@@ -152,6 +364,8 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d16d90359e986641506914ba71350897565610e87ce0ad9e6f28569db3dd5c6d"
 dependencies = [
  "find-msvc-tools",
+ "jobserver",
+ "libc",
  "shlex",
 ]
 
@@ -182,6 +396,115 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "codespan-reporting"
+version = "0.13.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "af491d569909a7e4dee0ad7db7f5341fef5c614d5b8ec8cf765732aba3cff681"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "termcolor",
+ "unicode-width",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "colorchoice"
+version = "1.0.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1d07550c9036bf2ae0c684c4297d503f838287c83c53686d05370d0e139ae570"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "combine"
+version = "4.6.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba5a308b75df32fe02788e748662718f03fde005016435c444eea572398219fd"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "memchr",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "concurrent-queue"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "4ca0197aee26d1ae37445ee532fefce43251d24cc7c166799f4d46817f1d3973"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-foundation"
+version = "0.9.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "91e195e091a93c46f7102ec7818a2aa394e1e1771c3ab4825963fa03e45afb8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-foundation-sys"
+version = "0.8.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "773648b94d0e5d620f64f280777445740e61fe701025087ec8b57f45c791888b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-graphics"
+version = "0.23.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c07782be35f9e1140080c6b96f0d44b739e2278479f64e02fdab4e32dfd8b081"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-graphics-types",
+ "foreign-types",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core-graphics-types"
+version = "0.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "45390e6114f68f718cc7a830514a96f903cccd70d02a8f6d9f643ac4ba45afaf"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "libc",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "core_maths"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77745e017f5edba1a9c1d854f6f3a52dac8a12dd5af5d2f54aecf61e43d80d30"
+dependencies = [
+ "libm",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "cosmic-text"
+version = "0.18.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bbe782a9e7520cc7de2232c957a47f99d3a35e855552677d07a557bc1a3b66ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "fontdb",
+ "harfrust",
+ "linebender_resource_handle",
+ "log",
+ "rangemap",
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.2",
+ "self_cell",
+ "skrifa",
+ "smol_str 0.3.6",
+ "swash",
+ "sys-locale",
+ "unicode-bidi",
+ "unicode-linebreak",
+ "unicode-script",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
 version = "0.2.17"
@@ -278,6 +601,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "winapi",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "crunchy"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "460fbee9c2c2f33933d720630a6a0bac33ba7053db5344fac858d4b8952d77d5"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "crypto-common"
 version = "0.1.7"
@@ -288,6 +617,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "typenum",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "cursor-icon"
+version = "1.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f27ae1dd37df86211c42e150270f82743308803d90a6f6e6651cd730d5e1732f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "darling"
 version = "0.20.11"
@@ -350,12 +685,52 @@ dependencies = [
  "crypto-common",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dispatch"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bd0c93bb4b0c6d9b77f4435b0ae98c24d17f1c45b2ff844c6151a07256ca923b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dispatch2"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1e0e367e4e7da84520dedcac1901e4da967309406d1e51017ae1abfb97adbd38"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "objc2 0.6.4",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "dlib"
+version = "0.5.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ab8ecd87370524b461f8557c119c405552c396ed91fc0a8eec68679eab26f94a"
+dependencies = [
+ "libloading",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "document-features"
+version = "0.2.12"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d4b8a88685455ed29a21542a33abd9cb6510b6b129abadabdcef0f4c55bc8f61"
+dependencies = [
+ "litrs",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "downcast-rs"
 version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "75b325c5dbd37f80359721ad39aca5a29fb04c89279657cffdda8736d0c0b9d2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "dpi"
+version = "0.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d8b14ccef22fc6f5a8f4d7d768562a182c04ce9a3b3157b91390b52ddfdf1a76"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "either"
 version = "1.15.0"
@@ -416,12 +791,35 @@ dependencies = [
  "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "env_filter"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32e90c2accc4b07a8456ea0debdc2e7587bdd890680d71173a15d4ae604f6eef"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "regex",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "env_home"
 version = "0.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c7f84e12ccf0a7ddc17a6c41c93326024c42920d7ee630d04950e6926645c0fe"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "env_logger"
+version = "0.11.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0621c04f2196ac3f488dd583365b9c09be011a4ab8b9f37248ffcc8f6198b56a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anstream",
+ "anstyle",
+ "env_filter",
+ "jiff",
+ "log",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "equivalent"
 version = "1.0.2"
@@ -438,6 +836,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "etagere"
+version = "0.3.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7ecb5c40d5683a270e077688f53a99eac51c1cb1ae5ba63b55590370cb3536bf"
+dependencies = [
+ "euclid",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "euclid"
+version = "0.22.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f1a05365e3b1c6d1650318537c7460c6923f1abdd272ad6842baa2b509957a06"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fastrand"
 version = "2.4.1"
@@ -473,6 +889,71 @@ version = "0.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d9c4f5dac5e15c24eb999c26181a6ca40b39fe946cbe4c263c7209467bc83af2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "foldhash"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ce24cb58228fbb8aa041425bb1050850ac19177686ea6e0f41a70416f56fdb"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "font-types"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5b38ad915f6dadd993ced50848a8291a543bd41ca62bc10740d5e64e2ab4cfd7"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fontconfig-parser"
+version = "0.5.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bbc773e24e02d4ddd8395fd30dc147524273a83e54e0f312d986ea30de5f5646"
+dependencies = [
+ "roxmltree",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "fontdb"
+version = "0.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "457e789b3d1202543297a350643cf459f836cade38934e7a4cf6a39e7cde2905"
+dependencies = [
+ "fontconfig-parser",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "slotmap",
+ "tinyvec",
+ "ttf-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d737d9aa519fb7b749cbc3b962edcf310a8dd1f4b67c91c4f83975dbdd17d965"
+dependencies = [
+ "foreign-types-macros",
+ "foreign-types-shared",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types-macros"
+version = "0.2.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1a5c6c585bc94aaf2c7b51dd4c2ba22680844aba4c687be581871a6f518c5742"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "foreign-types-shared"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "aa9a19cbb55df58761df49b23516a86d432839add4af60fc256da840f66ed35b"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
 version = "0.3.32"
@@ -533,7 +1014,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "itertools 0.11.0",
  "loro-thunderdome",
  "proc-macro2",
- "rustc-hash",
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.2",
+]
+
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+ "bytemuck",
+ "core_maths",
+ "read-fonts",
+ "smallvec",
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- "foldhash",
+ "foldhash 0.1.5",
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+dependencies = [
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+ "foldhash 0.2.0",
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+
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+
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+ "log",
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+ "serde_core",
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+ "combine",
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+ "jni-sys 0.4.1",
+ "log",
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+ "walkdir",
+ "windows-link",
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
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@@ -734,6 +1444,23 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+ "libloading",
+ "pkg-config",
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+
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+dependencies = [
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+ "windows-link",
+]
+
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+ "libc",
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+
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "32a66949e030da00e8c7d4434b251670a91556f4144941d37452769c25d58a53"
 
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+
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@@ -818,7 +1579,7 @@ dependencies = [
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  "loro-internal",
  "loro-kv-store",
- "rustc-hash",
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.2",
  "tracing",
 ]
 
@@ -833,7 +1594,7 @@ dependencies = [
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  "loro-rle",
  "nonmax",
- "rustc-hash",
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.2",
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  "serde_json",
@@ -887,7 +1648,7 @@ dependencies = [
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- "rustc-hash",
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.2",
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  "serde_json",
@@ -911,7 +1672,7 @@ dependencies = [
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  "once_cell",
  "quick_cache",
- "rustc-hash",
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.2",
  "tracing",
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@@ -944,6 +1705,12 @@ dependencies = [
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+checksum = "7f66e8d5d03f609abc3a39e6f08e4164ebf1447a732906d39eb9b99b7919ef39"
+
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 checksum = "f8ca58f447f06ed17d5fc4043ce1b10dd205e060fb3ce5b979b8ed8e59ff3f79"
 
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+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
+
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@@ -1025,7 +1801,7 @@ dependencies = [
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- "rustc-hash",
+ "rustc-hash 2.1.2",
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 ]
 
@@ -1042,6 +1818,62 @@ dependencies = [
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+ "hexf-parse",
+ "indexmap",
+ "libm",
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+ "num-traits",
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+
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@@ -1156,12 +1988,327 @@ dependencies = [
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+dependencies = [
+ "ttf-parser",
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@@ -1180,11 +2327,17 @@ checksum = "2621685985a2ebf1c516881c026032ac7deafcda1a2c9b7850dc81e3dfcb64c1"
 dependencies = [
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  "libc",
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+ "redox_syscall 0.5.18",
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+
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@@ -1228,6 +2381,26 @@ dependencies = [
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+[[package]]
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+checksum = "2466b2336ed02bcdca6b294417127b90ec92038d1d5c4fbeac971a922e0e0924"
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+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
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+
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@@ -1273,6 +2452,18 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pmacs-gpu"
+version = "0.0.1"
+dependencies = [
+ "env_logger",
+ "glyphon",
+ "pmacs-protocol",
+ "pollster",
+ "wgpu",
+ "winit",
+]
+
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@@ -1282,6 +2473,41 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
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+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "hermit-abi",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustix 1.1.4",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
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+
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+
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+checksum = "c2a106d1259c23fac8e543272398ae0e3c0b8d33c88ed73d0cc71b0f1d902618"
+dependencies = [
+ "portable-atomic",
+]
+
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@@ -1325,6 +2551,12 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+
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@@ -1345,6 +2577,15 @@ dependencies = [
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+dependencies = [
+ "toml_edit 0.25.11+spec-1.1.0",
+]
+
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@@ -1354,14 +2595,20 @@ dependencies = [
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+
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 dependencies = [
- "bit-set",
- "bit-vec",
+ "bit-set 0.8.0",
+ "bit-vec 0.8.0",
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@@ -1379,6 +2626,15 @@ version = "1.2.3"
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+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
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@@ -1499,6 +2755,56 @@ dependencies = [
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+
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+
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+ "objc2-core-foundation",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.3.2",
+ "objc2-quartz-core 0.3.2",
+]
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+ "bytemuck",
+ "core_maths",
+ "font-types",
+]
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 1.3.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
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@@ -1508,6 +2814,15 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+]
+
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@@ -1537,6 +2852,12 @@ version = "0.8.10"
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+
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@@ -1556,6 +2877,18 @@ dependencies = [
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+
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+
 [[package]]
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@@ -1615,6 +2948,15 @@ dependencies = [
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+[[package]]
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+checksum = "93fc1dc3aaa9bfed95e02e6eadabb4baf7e3078b0bd1b4d7b6b0b68378900502"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
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@@ -1627,6 +2969,25 @@ version = "1.2.0"
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 checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "b6277f0217056f77f1d8f49f2950ac6c278c0d607c45f5ee99328d792ede24ec"
+dependencies = [
+ "ab_glyph",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit",
+ "tiny-skia",
+]
+
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+
 [[package]]
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@@ -1799,6 +3160,22 @@ dependencies = [
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+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "94f90157bb87cddf702797c5dadfa0be7d266cdf49e22da2fcaa32eff75b2c33"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustc_version",
+ "simdutf8",
+]
+
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+
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@@ -1809,12 +3186,31 @@ dependencies = [
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+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+ "read-fonts",
+]
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "version_check",
+]
+
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@@ -1824,6 +3220,46 @@ dependencies = [
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+dependencies = [
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+ "calloop",
+ "calloop-wayland-source",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "libc",
+ "log",
+ "memmap2",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-csd-frame",
+ "wayland-cursor",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-wlr",
+ "wayland-scanner",
+ "xkeysym",
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+ "wasm-bindgen",
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+ "web-sys",
+ "wgpu-naga-bridge",
+ "wgpu-types",
+ "windows",
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-result",
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "23b2d95af1a8a14a3c7367e1ed4fc9c20e0a26e79551b1454d72583c97cc6610"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.62.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8e83a14d34d0623b51dce9581199302a221863196a1dde71a7663a4c2be9deb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-future"
+version = "0.3.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e1d6f90251fe18a279739e78025bd6ddc52a7e22f921070ccdc67dde84c605cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link",
+ "windows-threading",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f0805222e57f7521d6a62e36fa9163bc891acd422f971defe97d64e70d0a4fe5"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-numerics"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e2e40844ac143cdb44aead537bbf727de9b044e107a0f1220392177d15b0f26"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-result"
 version = "0.4.1"
@@ -2322,6 +4320,24 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-link",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7837d08f69c77cf6b07689544538e017c1bfcf57e34b4c0ff58e6c2cd3b37091"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.59.0"
@@ -2356,6 +4372,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows_x86_64_msvc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-threading"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3949bd5b99cafdf1c7ca86b43ca564028dfe27d66958f2470940f73d86d75b37"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.52.6"
@@ -2404,6 +4429,58 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "589f6da84c646204747d1270a2a5661ea66ed1cced2631d546fdfb155959f9ec"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "winit"
+version = "0.30.13"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a6755fa58a9f8350bd1e472d4c3fcc25f824ec358933bba33306d0b63df5978d"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "android-activity",
+ "atomic-waker",
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "block2 0.5.1",
+ "bytemuck",
+ "calloop",
+ "cfg_aliases 0.2.1",
+ "concurrent-queue",
+ "core-foundation",
+ "core-graphics",
+ "cursor-icon",
+ "dpi",
+ "js-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "memmap2",
+ "ndk",
+ "objc2 0.5.2",
+ "objc2-app-kit",
+ "objc2-foundation 0.2.2",
+ "objc2-ui-kit",
+ "orbclient",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project",
+ "raw-window-handle",
+ "redox_syscall 0.4.1",
+ "rustix 0.38.44",
+ "sctk-adwaita",
+ "smithay-client-toolkit",
+ "smol_str 0.2.2",
+ "tracing",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+ "wasm-bindgen-futures",
+ "wayland-backend",
+ "wayland-client",
+ "wayland-protocols",
+ "wayland-protocols-plasma",
+ "web-sys",
+ "web-time",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "x11-dl",
+ "x11rb",
+ "xkbcommon-dl",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winnow"
 version = "0.7.15"
@@ -2413,6 +4490,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "winnow"
+version = "1.0.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0592e1c9d151f854e6fd382574c3a0855250e1d9b2f99d9281c6e6391af352f1"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "winreg"
 version = "0.10.1"
@@ -2522,6 +4608,69 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasmparser",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "x11-dl"
+version = "2.21.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "38735924fedd5314a6e548792904ed8c6de6636285cb9fec04d5b1db85c1516f"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "once_cell",
+ "pkg-config",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11rb"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9993aa5be5a26815fe2c3eacfc1fde061fc1a1f094bf1ad2a18bf9c495dd7414"
+dependencies = [
+ "as-raw-xcb-connection",
+ "gethostname",
+ "libc",
+ "libloading",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 1.1.4",
+ "x11rb-protocol",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "x11rb-protocol"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea6fc2961e4ef194dcbfe56bb845534d0dc8098940c7e5c012a258bfec6701bd"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xcursor"
+version = "0.3.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bec9e4a500ca8864c5b47b8b482a73d62e4237670e5b5f1d6b9e3cae50f28f2b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xkbcommon-dl"
+version = "0.4.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d039de8032a9a8856a6be89cea3e5d12fdd82306ab7c94d74e6deab2460651c5"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.11.1",
+ "dlib",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "xkeysym",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xkeysym"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b9cc00251562a284751c9973bace760d86c0276c471b4be569fe6b068ee97a56"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xml-rs"
+version = "0.8.28"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3ae8337f8a065cfc972643663ea4279e04e7256de865aa66fe25cec5fb912d3f"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "xxhash-rust"
 version = "0.8.15"
@@ -2534,6 +4683,18 @@ version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cfe53a6657fd280eaa890a3bc59152892ffa3e30101319d168b781ed6529b049"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "yazi"
+version = "0.2.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e01738255b5a16e78bbb83e7fbba0a1e7dd506905cfc53f4622d89015a03fbb5"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zeno"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6df3dc4292935e51816d896edcd52aa30bc297907c26167fec31e2b0c6a32524"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
 version = "0.8.48"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 1c46ca0..037e9b5 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 [workspace]
-# Session 1 of the pmacs-gpu arc: `pmacs-protocol` is the wire-types
-# crate the post-v1.0 frontend (`pmacs-gpu`) will consume directly. The
-# root `pmacs` package stays a workspace member (no file moves); the
-# new crate lives under `pmacs-protocol/`. See
-# `docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md`.
-members = [".", "pmacs-protocol"]
+# Session 1 of the pmacs-gpu arc landed `pmacs-protocol` as a workspace
+# member (the wire-types crate). Session 2 (this) adds `pmacs-gpu` as
+# the GPU/GUI frontend binary — wgpu/winit/cosmic-text/glyphon — with
+# hello-world rendering. Protocol consumption arrives in session 3.
+# See `docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md`.
+members = [".", "pmacs-protocol", "pmacs-gpu"]
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
 # Shared between `pmacs` and `pmacs-protocol`. Pinned here so both
diff --git a/docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md b/docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md
index 8a2011a..4a7029a 100644
--- a/docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md
+++ b/docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md
@@ -273,8 +273,15 @@ Out of scope:
 Stance (γ): **bundle JetBrains Mono as default; expose Lua hook for
 override.**
 
-- Bundled font: JetBrains Mono (Apache 2.0; broad glyph coverage;
-  designed for code; ~1.5MB; dwarfed by `wgpu`'s footprint).
+- Bundled font: JetBrains Mono (SIL Open Font License 1.1; broad
+  glyph coverage; designed for code; ~270 KB for the Regular weight,
+  dwarfed by `wgpu`'s footprint). **Correction:** the framing pass
+  recorded the license as Apache 2.0, but the actual license has
+  been OFL since the family's open-source release. Session 2
+  surfaced this when fetching the real asset for the bundle —
+  classified as a small finding under rule (iii) and absorbed; the
+  bundled `fonts/OFL.txt` is shipped alongside the TTF as required
+  by the OFL.
 - Lua override: `pmacs.gpu.set_font(path)` or similar (precise binding
   shape decided session 2).
 - Missing-glyph fallback: tofu (replacement character `U+FFFD`).
diff --git a/pmacs-gpu/Cargo.toml b/pmacs-gpu/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3f42af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pmacs-gpu/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+[package]
+name = "pmacs-gpu"
+version = "0.0.1"
+edition = "2024"
+rust-version = "1.95"
+description = "GPU/GUI frontend for pmacs (session 2: hello-world). See docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md."
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+authors = ["Pmacs contributors"]
+readme = "../README.md"
+repository = "https://git.levineuwirth.org/neuwirth/pmacs"
+homepage = "https://levineuwirth.org/essays/pmacs"
+keywords = ["editor", "emacs", "gpu", "gui"]
+categories = ["text-editors"]
+publish = false
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "pmacs-gpu"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[lints.rust]
+unsafe_code = "forbid"
+missing_docs = "warn"
+
+[lints.clippy]
+all = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
+pedantic = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }
+# Allows: same set as the root `pmacs` crate, mirrored so the GPU
+# code doesn't trip lints the rest of the project doesn't either.
+module_name_repetitions = "allow"
+must_use_candidate = "allow"
+missing_errors_doc = "allow"
+missing_panics_doc = "allow"
+cast_possible_truncation = "allow"
+cast_sign_loss = "allow"
+cast_precision_loss = "allow"
+similar_names = "allow"
+multiple_crate_versions = "allow"
+
+[dependencies]
+env_logger = "0.11.10"
+# Text shaping + GPU rendering. `glyphon` re-exports the `cosmic-text`
+# types it pins (`Buffer`, `Attrs`, `Family`, `FontSystem`,
+# `Metrics`, `Shaping`, `SwashCache`, ...); we use those re-exports
+# rather than depending on `cosmic-text` directly so the build never
+# ends up with two cosmic-text versions resolving to the same name.
+glyphon = "0.11.0"
+# Session 1's wire-types crate. Pulled in now so the dep graph is
+# settled from session 2 forward; protocol consumption itself lands
+# in session 3.
+pmacs-protocol = { version = "1.0.0", path = "../pmacs-protocol" }
+pollster = "0.4.0"
+wgpu = "29.0.3"
+winit = "0.30.13"
diff --git a/pmacs-gpu/fonts/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf b/pmacs-gpu/fonts/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dff66cc
Binary files /dev/null and b/pmacs-gpu/fonts/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf differ
diff --git a/pmacs-gpu/fonts/OFL.txt b/pmacs-gpu/fonts/OFL.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bee414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pmacs-gpu/fonts/OFL.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+Copyright 2020 The JetBrains Mono Project Authors (https://github.com/JetBrains/JetBrainsMono)
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+https://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, 
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/pmacs-gpu/src/main.rs b/pmacs-gpu/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d62d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pmacs-gpu/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+//! pmacs-gpu — GPU/GUI frontend for pmacs.
+//!
+//! Session 2 of the pmacs-gpu arc (`docs/pmacs-gpu-design.md`):
+//! **hello-world binary**. Opens a window via `winit`, initializes
+//! `wgpu` against its surface, sets up `glyphon` text rendering with
+//! the bundled `JetBrains` Mono font, and renders "hello, pmacs" once
+//! per frame. No protocol consumption yet — that arrives in session
+//! 3 (the attach loop). No editor state, no input handling beyond
+//! close + Escape.
+//!
+//! The bundled font is `JetBrains` Mono Regular, distributed under
+//! the SIL Open Font License 1.1 (see `fonts/OFL.txt`). The design
+//! note incorrectly recorded the license as Apache 2.0; the actual
+//! license has been OFL since the family's open-source release. The
+//! design-doc note will be corrected as part of this session.
+
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use glyphon::{
+    Attrs, Buffer, Cache, Color, Family, FontSystem, Metrics, Resolution, Shaping, SwashCache,
+    TextArea, TextAtlas, TextBounds, TextRenderer, Viewport,
+};
+use wgpu::MultisampleState;
+use winit::application::ApplicationHandler;
+use winit::event::{ElementState, KeyEvent, WindowEvent};
+use winit::event_loop::{ActiveEventLoop, EventLoop};
+use winit::keyboard::{Key, NamedKey};
+use winit::window::{Window, WindowId};
+
+/// Bundled font (SIL Open Font License 1.1 — see `fonts/OFL.txt`).
+const JETBRAINS_MONO: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../fonts/JetBrainsMono-Regular.ttf");
+
+/// Initial window size in logical pixels. Session 2 is fixed-size for
+/// simplicity; resizes still work, this is just the boot dimension.
+const INITIAL_WIDTH: u32 = 800;
+const INITIAL_HEIGHT: u32 = 200;
+
+/// Color the surface clears to before text renders.
+const BG: wgpu::Color = wgpu::Color {
+    r: 0.05,
+    g: 0.05,
+    b: 0.07,
+    a: 1.0,
+};
+
+/// Hello-world payload. Stays inert here — session 3 wires this to
+/// the daemon's `BufferSnapshot` instead.
+const HELLO_TEXT: &str = "hello, pmacs";
+
+fn main() {
+    // wgpu emits useful trace output on adapter selection / surface
+    // configuration. The default `RUST_LOG=info` is fine for
+    // development.
+    env_logger::init();
+
+    let event_loop = EventLoop::new().expect("create winit event loop");
+    let mut app = App { state: None };
+    event_loop
+        .run_app(&mut app)
+        .expect("winit event loop run_app");
+}
+
+/// Top-level application handler. Holds an `Option<State>` because
+/// winit 0.30 requires the window + GPU resources to be created
+/// *after* `resumed()` fires, not at `main()` start.
+struct App {
+    state: Option<State>,
+}
+
+/// All resources owned by a single running pmacs-gpu instance: the
+/// window, the wgpu device/queue/surface, the glyphon stack, and the
+/// shaped text buffer.
+struct State {
+    window: Arc<Window>,
+
+    // wgpu plumbing.
+    device: wgpu::Device,
+    queue: wgpu::Queue,
+    surface: wgpu::Surface<'static>,
+    config: wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration,
+
+    // glyphon plumbing.
+    font_system: FontSystem,
+    swash_cache: SwashCache,
+    viewport: Viewport,
+    atlas: TextAtlas,
+    text_renderer: TextRenderer,
+    buffer: Buffer,
+}
+
+impl ApplicationHandler for App {
+    fn resumed(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) {
+        if self.state.is_some() {
+            // `resumed` can fire more than once on platforms that
+            // suspend/restore (e.g. mobile). The hello-world doesn't
+            // reinitialize on resume; first call wins.
+            return;
+        }
+        self.state = Some(State::new(event_loop));
+    }
+
+    fn window_event(&mut self, event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop, _id: WindowId, event: WindowEvent) {
+        let Some(state) = self.state.as_mut() else {
+            return;
+        };
+        match event {
+            WindowEvent::CloseRequested
+            | WindowEvent::KeyboardInput {
+                event:
+                    KeyEvent {
+                        logical_key: Key::Named(NamedKey::Escape),
+                        state: ElementState::Pressed,
+                        ..
+                    },
+                ..
+            } => event_loop.exit(),
+            WindowEvent::Resized(size) => state.resize(size.width.max(1), size.height.max(1)),
+            WindowEvent::RedrawRequested => state.render(),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl State {
+    fn new(event_loop: &ActiveEventLoop) -> Self {
+        let window = Arc::new(
+            event_loop
+                .create_window(
+                    Window::default_attributes()
+                        .with_title("pmacs-gpu hello-world")
+                        .with_inner_size(winit::dpi::LogicalSize::new(
+                            f64::from(INITIAL_WIDTH),
+                            f64::from(INITIAL_HEIGHT),
+                        )),
+                )
+                .expect("create window"),
+        );
+
+        // wgpu instance + surface.
+        let instance = wgpu::Instance::new(wgpu::InstanceDescriptor::new_without_display_handle());
+        let surface = instance
+            .create_surface(window.clone())
+            .expect("create surface");
+
+        // Pick an adapter that supports our surface. Power preference
+        // = LowPower because the hello-world has no GPU appetite;
+        // saves laptop battery during development.
+        let adapter = pollster::block_on(instance.request_adapter(&wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions {
+            power_preference: wgpu::PowerPreference::LowPower,
+            compatible_surface: Some(&surface),
+            force_fallback_adapter: false,
+        }))
+        .expect("request_adapter");
+
+        let (device, queue) = pollster::block_on(adapter.request_device(&wgpu::DeviceDescriptor {
+            label: Some("pmacs-gpu device"),
+            required_features: wgpu::Features::empty(),
+            required_limits: wgpu::Limits::default(),
+            ..wgpu::DeviceDescriptor::default()
+        }))
+        .expect("request_device");
+
+        // Configure the surface. Pick the first format the surface
+        // and adapter both like; glyphon handles colorspace conversion
+        // internally, so sRGB vs UNORM is the renderer's concern, not
+        // ours at this layer.
+        let inner_size = window.inner_size();
+        let surface_caps = surface.get_capabilities(&adapter);
+        let surface_format = surface_caps
+            .formats
+            .iter()
+            .copied()
+            .find(wgpu::TextureFormat::is_srgb)
+            .unwrap_or(surface_caps.formats[0]);
+        let config = wgpu::SurfaceConfiguration {
+            usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::RENDER_ATTACHMENT,
+            format: surface_format,
+            width: inner_size.width.max(1),
+            height: inner_size.height.max(1),
+            present_mode: wgpu::PresentMode::Fifo,
+            desired_maximum_frame_latency: 2,
+            alpha_mode: surface_caps.alpha_modes[0],
+            view_formats: vec![],
+        };
+        surface.configure(&device, &config);
+
+        // glyphon plumbing — `FontSystem` owns the font database and
+        // shaper state; we register the bundled JetBrains Mono before
+        // anything tries to shape with it.
+        let mut font_system = FontSystem::new();
+        font_system.db_mut().load_font_data(JETBRAINS_MONO.to_vec());
+        let swash_cache = SwashCache::new();
+        let cache = Cache::new(&device);
+        let mut viewport = Viewport::new(&device, &cache);
+        viewport.update(
+            &queue,
+            Resolution {
+                width: config.width,
+                height: config.height,
+            },
+        );
+        let mut atlas = TextAtlas::new(&device, &queue, &cache, surface_format);
+        let text_renderer =
+            TextRenderer::new(&mut atlas, &device, MultisampleState::default(), None);
+
+        // Shape "hello, pmacs" with JetBrains Mono at a comfortable
+        // hello-world size. cosmic-text 0.18 (glyphon's pinned
+        // version) threads `&mut FontSystem` through every Buffer
+        // mutator that needs to re-shape; the 5th `None` on `set_text`
+        // is the optional `Align` (we let cosmic-text default it).
+        let mut buffer = Buffer::new(&mut font_system, Metrics::new(48.0, 56.0));
+        buffer.set_size(
+            &mut font_system,
+            Some(config.width as f32),
+            Some(config.height as f32),
+        );
+        buffer.set_text(
+            &mut font_system,
+            HELLO_TEXT,
+            &Attrs::new().family(Family::Name("JetBrains Mono")),
+            Shaping::Advanced,
+            None,
+        );
+        buffer.shape_until_scroll(&mut font_system, false);
+
+        Self {
+            window,
+            device,
+            queue,
+            surface,
+            config,
+            font_system,
+            swash_cache,
+            viewport,
+            atlas,
+            text_renderer,
+            buffer,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reconfigure surface + glyphon viewport on window-size change.
+    /// The shaped text buffer also gets a new max-size so wrap and
+    /// scroll align with the new viewport.
+    fn resize(&mut self, width: u32, height: u32) {
+        self.config.width = width;
+        self.config.height = height;
+        self.surface.configure(&self.device, &self.config);
+        self.viewport
+            .update(&self.queue, Resolution { width, height });
+        self.buffer.set_size(
+            &mut self.font_system,
+            Some(width as f32),
+            Some(height as f32),
+        );
+        self.window.request_redraw();
+    }
+
+    /// One frame: clear the surface to `BG`, render the text buffer,
+    /// present. Acquisition failures cause a re-configure and skip
+    /// the frame (a typical recovery for transient surface losses).
+    fn render(&mut self) {
+        // wgpu 29 collapses success/error into a single enum
+        // (`CurrentSurfaceTexture`), not `Result<SurfaceTexture, SurfaceError>`
+        // as earlier versions did. Lost / Outdated trigger a
+        // re-configure and skip the frame; Suboptimal is rendered
+        // through but flagged for the next configure cycle (we don't
+        // act on it in the hello-world).
+        let frame = match self.surface.get_current_texture() {
+            wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Success(frame)
+            | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Suboptimal(frame) => frame,
+            wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Lost | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Outdated => {
+                self.surface.configure(&self.device, &self.config);
+                return;
+            }
+            wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Timeout | wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Occluded => {
+                // `Timeout`: transient acquisition stall — drop this
+                // frame, try again next redraw.
+                // `Occluded`: window minimized / behind another
+                // window — skip the frame, save the GPU work.
+                return;
+            }
+            wgpu::CurrentSurfaceTexture::Validation => {
+                eprintln!("surface acquisition raised a validation error");
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let view = frame
+            .texture
+            .create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor::default());
+
+        self.text_renderer
+            .prepare(
+                &self.device,
+                &self.queue,
+                &mut self.font_system,
+                &mut self.atlas,
+                &self.viewport,
+                [TextArea {
+                    buffer: &self.buffer,
+                    left: 24.0,
+                    top: 60.0,
+                    scale: 1.0,
+                    bounds: TextBounds {
+                        left: 0,
+                        top: 0,
+                        // Surface dimensions are u32 but `TextBounds`
+                        // is i32; `cast_signed` keeps the bit pattern
+                        // and is correct for typical window sizes well
+                        // below 2^31.
+                        right: self.config.width.cast_signed(),
+                        bottom: self.config.height.cast_signed(),
+                    },
+                    default_color: Color::rgb(230, 230, 235),
+                    custom_glyphs: &[],
+                }],
+                &mut self.swash_cache,
+            )
+            .expect("text_renderer prepare");
+
+        let mut encoder = self
+            .device
+            .create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+                label: Some("pmacs-gpu frame encoder"),
+            });
+        {
+            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("pmacs-gpu hello-world pass"),
+                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                    view: &view,
+                    depth_slice: None,
+                    resolve_target: None,
+                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Clear(BG),
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    },
+                })],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None,
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                multiview_mask: None,
+            });
+            self.text_renderer
+                .render(&self.atlas, &self.viewport, &mut pass)
+                .expect("text_renderer render");
+        }
+        self.queue.submit(std::iter::once(encoder.finish()));
+        frame.present();
+        self.atlas.trim();
+    }
+}