feat(math): LaTeX math parser for the slice subset (Tier 2)

pmacs-gpu/src/math_parse.rs — the Q#MS2 subset: characters, groups,
sub/superscripts in either order, and \frac, plus the Greek seed map.
Everything outside the subset is a typed error, which Q#MS8 turns into
"render the raw source".

The AST is semantic, not presentational: \alpha resolves to 'α' here, but the
math-italic mapping stays in layout, where a codepoint becomes a glyph.
Baking italics into the AST would make the tree disagree with the source and
would have to be unpicked by any later non-italic style context.

Two bugs the tests caught before they could reach layout, both from skipping
whitespace in the wrong place. `parse_atom` consumed it, but the ^/_ dispatch
happens in `parse_sequence` BEFORE atoms are read — so `x ^ 2` parsed the
caret as a literal character, and an all-whitespace span produced an empty
group instead of the Empty error. Whitespace is now skipped at the dispatch
point, which fixes both at one seam.

Interior `$` is rejected explicitly so `$$x$$` degrades through the error path
(acceptance 15) rather than half-rendering.

Clippy reports MathNode as dead code, which is correct and expected: the
parser has no consumer until Tier 3 layout lands. That is exactly the
condition Q#LX5 refused to ship, now enforced mechanically. It is not
suppressed; it clears when layout arrives in this same branch.

11 unit tests, no GPU or font required.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Levi Neuwirth 2026-07-24 18:14:43 -04:00
parent 4b1af277e1
commit b9aed61e23
2 changed files with 418 additions and 0 deletions

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//! the SIL Open Font License 1.1 (see `fonts/OFL.txt`). //! the SIL Open Font License 1.1 (see `fonts/OFL.txt`).
mod attach; mod attach;
mod math_parse;
mod terminal; mod terminal;
use std::collections::HashMap; use std::collections::HashMap;

417
pmacs-gpu/src/math_parse.rs Normal file
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//! LaTeX math-mode parser for the first inline-math slice.
//!
//! Framing: `docs/inline-math-slice-framing.md` (rev 3), Q#MS2. This parses
//! the deliberately small subset the slice renders — characters, groups,
//! sub/superscripts and fractions — and nothing else. Every other LaTeX
//! construct is an error, which Q#MS8 turns into "show the raw source".
//!
//! The AST is *semantic*, not presentational: `\alpha` resolves to `'α'`
//! here, but the math-italic mapping (Q#MS2's table) belongs to layout, which
//! is where a codepoint becomes a glyph. Keeping the split here means the AST
//! matches what the user wrote, and a future non-italic style context does
//! not have to unpick a decision the parser baked in.
/// One node of the slice's math subset (Q#MS2).
///
/// Rev 2 of the framing folded `Symbol` into `Char`: both carried a `char`,
/// and after symbol resolution layout cannot act on the difference.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum MathNode {
/// A resolved codepoint: `x`, `2`, `+`, `α`.
Char(char),
/// A braced group, or the top-level expression.
Group(Vec<MathNode>),
/// A base with optional sub- and superscript.
Script {
base: Box<MathNode>,
sub: Option<Box<MathNode>>,
sup: Option<Box<MathNode>>,
},
/// `\frac{num}{den}`.
Fraction {
num: Box<MathNode>,
den: Box<MathNode>,
},
}
/// Why a span could not be parsed. Q#MS8 renders the raw source for all of
/// these; the variants exist so tests can assert *which* rejection fired.
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum MathParseError {
/// The span held no math (`$$` after delimiter stripping).
Empty,
/// A `{` with no matching `}`, or a stray `}`.
UnbalancedBrace,
/// A control sequence outside the subset, e.g. `\sqrt`.
UnknownCommand(String),
/// `\frac` without two braced arguments.
MalformedCommand(&'static str),
/// `^` or `_` with nothing to attach to, or given twice for one base.
MalformedScript(&'static str),
/// A `$` inside the span: the delimiters are the caller's business, and
/// a bare one here means detection handed us something it should not
/// have (framing acceptance 15 — `$$x$$` degrades through this path).
UnexpectedDollar,
}
/// Greek seed map (Q#MS2). Deliberately partial — growing it is mechanical.
const GREEK: &[(&str, char)] = &[
("alpha", 'α'),
("beta", 'β'),
("gamma", 'γ'),
("delta", 'δ'),
("epsilon", 'ε'),
("zeta", 'ζ'),
("eta", 'η'),
("theta", 'θ'),
("iota", 'ι'),
("kappa", 'κ'),
("lambda", 'λ'),
("mu", 'μ'),
("nu", 'ν'),
("xi", 'ξ'),
("pi", 'π'),
("rho", 'ρ'),
("sigma", 'σ'),
("tau", 'τ'),
("upsilon", 'υ'),
("phi", 'φ'),
("chi", 'χ'),
("psi", 'ψ'),
("omega", 'ω'),
("Gamma", 'Γ'),
("Delta", 'Δ'),
("Theta", 'Θ'),
("Lambda", 'Λ'),
("Xi", 'Ξ'),
("Pi", 'Π'),
("Sigma", 'Σ'),
("Upsilon", 'Υ'),
("Phi", 'Φ'),
("Psi", 'Ψ'),
("Omega", 'Ω'),
];
/// Parse the *interior* of a math span — delimiters already stripped.
///
/// # Errors
/// Returns [`MathParseError`] for anything outside the Q#MS2 subset.
pub fn parse(source: &str) -> Result<MathNode, MathParseError> {
let mut parser = Parser {
chars: source.chars().collect(),
pos: 0,
};
let nodes = parser.parse_sequence(None)?;
if parser.pos < parser.chars.len() {
// Only a stray `}` can stop the top-level sequence early.
return Err(MathParseError::UnbalancedBrace);
}
if nodes.is_empty() {
return Err(MathParseError::Empty);
}
Ok(MathNode::Group(nodes))
}
struct Parser {
chars: Vec<char>,
pos: usize,
}
impl Parser {
fn peek(&self) -> Option<char> {
self.chars.get(self.pos).copied()
}
fn bump(&mut self) -> Option<char> {
let ch = self.peek();
if ch.is_some() {
self.pos += 1;
}
ch
}
/// Parse until `close` (or end of input when `None`).
fn parse_sequence(&mut self, close: Option<char>) -> Result<Vec<MathNode>, MathParseError> {
let mut out: Vec<MathNode> = Vec::new();
loop {
// Whitespace is insignificant in math mode, and it must be
// skipped HERE rather than inside `parse_atom`: the `^`/`_`
// dispatch below happens before atoms are read, so leaving a
// space in front of a marker would make `x ^ 2` parse the caret
// as a literal character.
while self.peek().is_some_and(char::is_whitespace) {
self.pos += 1;
}
match self.peek() {
None => {
if close.is_some() {
return Err(MathParseError::UnbalancedBrace);
}
return Ok(out);
}
Some(ch) if Some(ch) == close => {
self.pos += 1;
return Ok(out);
}
// A `}` we were not asked to stop at is unbalanced.
Some('}') => return Err(MathParseError::UnbalancedBrace),
Some('$') => return Err(MathParseError::UnexpectedDollar),
Some('^' | '_') => {
let base = out.pop().ok_or(MathParseError::MalformedScript(
"sub/superscript with no base",
))?;
out.push(self.parse_scripts(base)?);
}
Some(_) => {
let atom = self.parse_atom()?;
out.push(atom);
}
}
}
}
/// One atom: a group, a command, or a single character.
fn parse_atom(&mut self) -> Result<MathNode, MathParseError> {
match self.bump() {
Some('{') => Ok(MathNode::Group(self.parse_sequence(Some('}'))?)),
Some('\\') => self.parse_command(),
Some(ch) => Ok(MathNode::Char(ch)),
None => Err(MathParseError::MalformedCommand("unexpected end of input")),
}
}
fn parse_command(&mut self) -> Result<MathNode, MathParseError> {
let mut name = String::new();
while let Some(ch) = self.peek() {
if ch.is_ascii_alphabetic() {
name.push(ch);
self.pos += 1;
} else {
break;
}
}
if name.is_empty() {
// `\$`, `\{` … — an escaped literal.
return match self.bump() {
Some(ch) => Ok(MathNode::Char(ch)),
None => Err(MathParseError::MalformedCommand("trailing backslash")),
};
}
if name == "frac" {
let num = self.parse_required_group("\\frac numerator")?;
let den = self.parse_required_group("\\frac denominator")?;
return Ok(MathNode::Fraction {
num: Box::new(num),
den: Box::new(den),
});
}
if let Some((_, ch)) = GREEK.iter().find(|(n, _)| *n == name) {
return Ok(MathNode::Char(*ch));
}
Err(MathParseError::UnknownCommand(name))
}
/// A `{…}` argument, skipping leading whitespace.
fn parse_required_group(&mut self, what: &'static str) -> Result<MathNode, MathParseError> {
while self.peek().is_some_and(char::is_whitespace) {
self.pos += 1;
}
match self.peek() {
Some('{') => {
self.pos += 1;
Ok(MathNode::Group(self.parse_sequence(Some('}'))?))
}
_ => Err(MathParseError::MalformedCommand(what)),
}
}
/// Attach `^`/`_` to `base`, in either order, at most one each.
fn parse_scripts(&mut self, base: MathNode) -> Result<MathNode, MathParseError> {
let mut sub: Option<Box<MathNode>> = None;
let mut sup: Option<Box<MathNode>> = None;
while let Some(marker @ ('^' | '_')) = self.peek() {
self.pos += 1;
let slot = self.parse_script_operand()?;
match marker {
'^' if sup.is_some() => {
return Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript("double superscript"));
}
'_' if sub.is_some() => {
return Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript("double subscript"));
}
'^' => sup = Some(Box::new(slot)),
_ => sub = Some(Box::new(slot)),
}
}
Ok(MathNode::Script {
base: Box::new(base),
sub,
sup,
})
}
/// The operand of `^`/`_`: a braced group, or exactly one atom.
fn parse_script_operand(&mut self) -> Result<MathNode, MathParseError> {
while self.peek().is_some_and(char::is_whitespace) {
self.pos += 1;
}
match self.peek() {
None => Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript("script with no operand")),
Some('^' | '_') => Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript("script with no operand")),
Some('}') => Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript("script with no operand")),
Some(_) => self.parse_atom(),
}
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
fn ch(c: char) -> MathNode {
MathNode::Char(c)
}
fn group(nodes: Vec<MathNode>) -> MathNode {
MathNode::Group(nodes)
}
#[test]
fn plain_characters_parse_in_order() {
assert_eq!(parse("x+1"), Ok(group(vec![ch('x'), ch('+'), ch('1')])));
}
#[test]
fn superscript_and_subscript_attach_to_the_preceding_atom() {
// Framing acceptance 1.
assert_eq!(
parse("x^2"),
Ok(group(vec![MathNode::Script {
base: Box::new(ch('x')),
sub: None,
sup: Some(Box::new(ch('2'))),
}]))
);
assert_eq!(
parse("x_i"),
Ok(group(vec![MathNode::Script {
base: Box::new(ch('x')),
sub: Some(Box::new(ch('i'))),
sup: None,
}]))
);
}
#[test]
fn both_scripts_parse_in_either_order() {
let expected = MathNode::Script {
base: Box::new(ch('x')),
sub: Some(Box::new(ch('i'))),
sup: Some(Box::new(ch('2'))),
};
assert_eq!(parse("x_i^2"), Ok(group(vec![expected.clone()])));
assert_eq!(parse("x^2_i"), Ok(group(vec![expected])));
}
#[test]
fn braced_script_operands_group() {
assert_eq!(
parse("x^{i+1}"),
Ok(group(vec![MathNode::Script {
base: Box::new(ch('x')),
sub: None,
sup: Some(Box::new(group(vec![ch('i'), ch('+'), ch('1')]))),
}]))
);
}
#[test]
fn fraction_takes_two_braced_arguments() {
assert_eq!(
parse(r"\frac{a}{b}"),
Ok(group(vec![MathNode::Fraction {
num: Box::new(group(vec![ch('a')])),
den: Box::new(group(vec![ch('b')])),
}]))
);
}
#[test]
fn fractions_nest() {
// Framing acceptance 1 and 12's over-tall candidate.
let inner = MathNode::Fraction {
num: Box::new(group(vec![ch('a')])),
den: Box::new(group(vec![ch('b')])),
};
assert_eq!(
parse(r"\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{c}"),
Ok(group(vec![MathNode::Fraction {
num: Box::new(group(vec![inner])),
den: Box::new(group(vec![ch('c')])),
}]))
);
}
#[test]
fn greek_seed_resolves_to_codepoints_not_markup() {
assert_eq!(parse(r"\alpha"), Ok(group(vec![ch('α')])));
assert_eq!(parse(r"\Gamma"), Ok(group(vec![ch('Γ')])));
// The AST stays semantic: no italic mapping here (that is layout's,
// per this module's header and Q#MS2).
assert_eq!(parse(r"\alpha x"), Ok(group(vec![ch('α'), ch('x')])));
}
#[test]
fn whitespace_is_insignificant() {
assert_eq!(parse("x ^ 2"), parse("x^2"));
assert_eq!(parse(r"\frac {a} {b}"), parse(r"\frac{a}{b}"));
}
#[test]
fn subset_violations_are_errors_not_panics() {
// Framing acceptance 1 and 9.
assert_eq!(parse(""), Err(MathParseError::Empty));
assert_eq!(parse(" "), Err(MathParseError::Empty));
assert_eq!(parse("{a"), Err(MathParseError::UnbalancedBrace));
assert_eq!(parse("a}"), Err(MathParseError::UnbalancedBrace));
assert_eq!(
parse(r"\sqrt{2}"),
Err(MathParseError::UnknownCommand("sqrt".to_owned()))
);
assert!(matches!(
parse(r"\frac{a}"),
Err(MathParseError::MalformedCommand(_))
));
assert!(matches!(
parse(r"\frac a b"),
Err(MathParseError::MalformedCommand(_))
));
assert!(matches!(
parse("^2"),
Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript(_))
));
assert!(matches!(
parse("x^"),
Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript(_))
));
assert!(matches!(
parse("x^2^3"),
Err(MathParseError::MalformedScript(_))
));
}
#[test]
fn an_interior_dollar_is_rejected_so_display_math_degrades() {
// Framing acceptance 15: `$$x$$` reaches us as the interior `$x$`
// (outer delimiters stripped), and must degrade to source rather
// than half-render. The empty-span path covers `$$` alone.
assert_eq!(parse("$x$"), Err(MathParseError::UnexpectedDollar));
assert_eq!(parse(""), Err(MathParseError::Empty));
}
#[test]
fn escaped_literals_survive_as_characters() {
assert_eq!(parse(r"\{"), Ok(group(vec![ch('{')])));
assert_eq!(parse(r"\$"), Ok(group(vec![ch('$')])));
}
}